1.4 Classification of Computers

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1.4 Classification of Computers

Most computer designs today are based on the concepts developed by John von Neumann and are referred to as the von Neumann architecture. Computers can be classified in a variety of ways based on parameters such as usage, cost, size, and processing power. The classification of computers based on their power and use is given below.

Supercomputer

A supercomputer is the most expensive and fastest type of computer. It performs at or near the highest operational rate. These computers are used for applications requiring large amounts of mathematical calculations such as weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration.

Example: Cray Supercomputer

Mainframe Computers

A mainframe computer supports a large number of users working simultaneously and remotely. It can process large volumes of data at very high speed and support many input, output, and auxiliary storage devices. These computers are very large and expensive.

The main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer executes a single program faster, whereas a mainframe executes many programs concurrently.

Examples: IBM 370, IBM 3090

Minicomputers

A minicomputer is powerful enough to be used by multiple users (between 10 to 100). It is smaller in size, has less memory capacity, and is cheaper than a mainframe computer.

Examples: VAX (Digital Equipment Corporation), IBM AS/400

Microcomputers

A microcomputer is intended to meet the personal computing needs of an individual. It consists of a microprocessor chip, memory system, interface units, and various I/O ports, typically residing on a motherboard. There are many types of microcomputers available.

Examples: ICL 2900, HP 9845A, VAX 11/780, ALTAIR 8800, IBM PC

Types of Microcomputers

Desktop Computer:
A microcomputer sufficient to fit on a desk.

Laptop Computer:
A portable microcomputer with an integrated screen and keyboard.

Palmtop Computer / Digital Diary / Notebook / PDA:

A hand-sized microcomputer having no keyboard. The screen serves as both input and output device. 




📖 Reference

The content for this subject is prepared by referring to the standard textbook “Computer Fundamentals and Programming in C” by Pradip Dey and Manas Ghosh, Second Edition, Oxford University Press (2018). The explanations are simplified and exam-focused while strictly aligning with the syllabus and concepts presented in the reference book.



Aivette‑coi is created with the intention of helping college students learn smartly, revise quickly, and approach exams with confidence.

With love and care,
by Aivette 💙


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