PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH

PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH

UNIT – I: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION

UNIT – II: SUMMATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING

UNIT – III: DESCRIPTION OF A PROCESS / PRODUCT

UNIT – IV: EXPRESSION

UNIT – V: PUBLIC SPEAKING

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22IMC7Z2 - CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

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                    UNIT - I          INTRODUCTION AND EMERGENCY PROVISIONS                 1.1 Historical Background of the Indian Constitution: The Company Rule & The Crown Rule                 1.2 Constituent Assembly: Composition & Objectives                                  1.3 Preamble and Salient Features of the Indian Constitution                 1.4 Fundamental Rights AND Fundamental Duties                 1.5 Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)                1.6 Emergency Provisions - National Emergency, President Rule, Financial Emergency.   UNIT- II      SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT   ...
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1.1 Historical Background of the Indian Constitution: The Company Rule & The Crown Rule

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SIMPLY SMART Introduction The Indian Constitution did not emerge in a single day. It evolved through a long period of foreign rule, administrative experiments, political reforms, and growing national awakening . Two major phases played a crucial role in shaping India’s governance structure: The Company Rule (1757–1858) The Crown Rule (1858–1947) Understanding these phases helps us see how India moved from colonial control to democratic self-governance , ultimately leading to the making of the Indian Constitution. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1. THE COMPANY RULE (1757–1858) (Also called the East India Company Administration) Definition The Company Rule refers to the period when the British East India Company governed and administered large parts of India after winning military and political control. Key Features of the Company Rule 1. Battle of Plassey (1757) Beginning of British political rule in India EIC defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah Company became a major politi...
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1.3 Preamble and Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

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SIMPLY SMART Introduction The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is described by scholars like D.D. Basu and Subhash C. Kashyap as the identity card or philosophy of the Constitution. It reflects the ideals, values, and goals that guided the Constituent Assembly in framing the Constitution. The Salient Features highlight the major characteristics that make the Indian Constitution one of the most unique and comprehensive constitutions in the world. I. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution Text of the Preamble (As per 42nd Amendment, 1976) “WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation…” II. Key E...
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